wetlab   textilelab

Natural dye making

I will document my experiments with natural dyes here. Be sure to check out the slides for Fabricademy by Cecilia Raspanti.

Overview

It’s good to know what we’re talking about so I’ll start with a little lexicon.

Dye Liquid bath Water soluble Into the material
Ink Dense liquid Water soluble Into the material
Pigment Powder Not water soluble Onto the material
Vehicle/solvent The liquid in which the pigment is suspended. For example water, ethanol (96% alcohol), oil or gel.
Binder Sometimes needed to merge the color with the vehicle (for example arabic gum).
Mordants Dye fixatives that are used to ‘adhere’ the dye to the fiber. They enhance the light- and wash-fastness. Alum, iron and copper are typically used (but they can also have an influence on the final color). Mordants can be used before, during or after dyeing.
Modifiers Substances that can change the hue of the dye.
pH modifiers Substances that change color by changing the pH level toward more acidic (vinegar, citric acid, alum), or more alkaline (sodium carbonate).
Metal modifiers Copper modifiers make the colors duller and darker, and can bring out blue and green shades. Iron modifiers make the colors duller and darker.

slide by Cecilia Raspanti

Boiling fibers Don’t boil or shock animal fibers. Keep them simmering at 80 degrees Celsius, and don’t rinse them in cold water straight after that. You can boil and shock cellulose fibers.
Scouring Cleaning the fibers (especially vegetable fibers) with scouring agents like sodium ash (sodium carbonate/natrium carbonate). This is done to prepare the fabrics (removing waxes, pectins, dirt etc.) and make it more water absorbent.
Stabilizers Stabilizers help with the even distribution of color in the water and onto the material (often salt is used).
Kind of ink Vehicle
Regular inks Water (liquid in which the pigment is suspended)
Marker inks Ethanol (96%) (substance that acts like a glue)
Printing inks Oil/gel (substance that stabilises, intensifies & thickens the ink)

“To stabilise and preserve the water based ink salt is a great addition, acids and alkali can be used to change to look of the colour, while arabic gum helps to thicken and stabilise the inks. Marker inks do not require salts and guar gum to be added.”

Fabric dyeing process

slide by Cecilia Raspanti slide by Cecilia Raspanti

Notes

Sources